Land Use Science in Action

Peru’s National-Level armed forces intervention on illegal mining yields positive effects on tropical forest conservation and water quality, but remediation and sustained efforts are needed.

OPERATION MERCURY CURTAILS ILLEGAL MINING IN PROTECTED AREAS TEMPORARILY

• Alluvial gold mining threatens protected conservation and indigenous lands in the tropical Amazon, particularly in Southeastern Peru.
• Federal Military Intervention Actions by the Peruvian government attempted to minimize these activities and move miners to sanctioned mining zones.
• Analyses using remote sensing data can help assess the results of this major policy action.
• NASA’s archival and ongoing data are essential for these conservation policy analyses.
• Peru’s federal policy actions reduced mining in protected areas, shifted mining into buffer unprotected zones, but there is evidence of re-mining activity as enforcement waned.

New Evidence of Global Carbon Sequestration in Trees Outside of Forests Supports Nature-Based Solutions for Meeting Net Zero Goals.

CRUCIAL ECOSYSTEM SERVICE FOR CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AT THE SAME TIME.

• Tree-based sinks are the only actions that remove excess carbon now. 
• TOF at the scale of individual trees underpin livelihoods of billions of people and lead to more stable incomes under climate-stress conditions. 
• NASA earth observations make individual tree carbon measurement counting part of Nature-Based Climate Solutions (NBS); this project mapped every tree in Africa.
• TOF NBS support most international programs, and White House U.S. Net Zero goals.
• Large capital investments are being made in NBS, and TOF solutions increase the relevancy and effectiveness for people’s well being and poverty alleviation.

Hotter and drier growing seasons in Serbia are driving shifts in agricultural practices and irrigation decisions

POTENTIAL INCREASES IN WATER SCARCITY AS THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR ADAPTS

• Water scarcity in agricultural regions is worsening as the Earth warms.
• Urgent need for local and regional analyses to formulate precision adaptation measures.
• Analyses integrating remote sensing, hydrological modeling, and economic modeling can
  project future water scarcity and farmers’ responses via crop choice and irrigation investment.
• NASA’s Earth observations are critical to track short-term (crop growth and seasonal water
  use) and long-term (crop system transitions, irrigation investment) agricultural responses to
  drought and target climate adaptation measures.

A Remote Sensing Analysis of Heat Stress, LCLUC, and Women’s Health in sub-Saharan Africa

Understanding impacts and interactions to inform adaptation strategies.

• Climate change is increasing the duration, intensity, and frequency of extreme heat events in sub-Saharan Africa.
• Human activity is driving rapid LCLUC, putting pressure on agricultural production, threatening food security, and challenging livelihood strategies.
• Extreme heat and LCLUC disproportionately impact women, yet less attention is given to these effects.
• NASA remote sensing tools can be used to study extreme heat exposure and LCLUC processes to better understand risks and develop successful adaptation strategies.

Irrigation as climate-change adaptation in the Cerrado Biome of Brazil evaluated with new quantitative methods, socio-economic analysis, and scenario models

LCLUC ANALYSIS CAN SHIFT IRRIGATION POLICY FOR CLIMATE ADAPTATION

• Agricultural expansion in the Brazilian Cerrado drives the loss of primary vegetation and the gain of irrigation for export-oriented monocultures of soy, maize, and cotton.
• Climate change reduces water availability, increases water demand, and aggravates socio-ecological conflicts. 
• Understanding irrigation, specifically its distribution, effectiveness, and alternatives, is essential for understanding adaptation to climate change. 
• Development of LCLUC methods is essential to analyze drivers and impacts of land change.